Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Dynamic modeling of the Earth’s trapped proton environment

Xiaojing Xu, Steve R. Blattnig, Francis F. Badavi, Martha S. Clowdsley and Edward J. Semones

J. Space Weather Space Clim., 16 (2026) 5

Published online: 10 February 2026

DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2025057

Xiaojing Xu

Steve R. Blattnig

Francis F. Badavi

Martha S. Clowdsley

Edward J. Semones

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