Fig. 4

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The aurora shown in this figure is classified as arcs. The projection of the 557.7 nm emissions shown together with the phase scintillation index σϕ over a map of Svalbard and geographical longitude/latitude on 28 October 2019 as seen from the NYA ASC for different time instances. Brighter yellow auroral emissions mean stronger intensity and bigger markers mean stronger σϕ. The markers represent σϕ measurements from NYA in red, LYR in green, HOR in cyan, HOP in magenta, and BJN in orange. In panel a geographic latitude and longitude gridlines are shown. The auroral intensity bar of the panel a (not shown) is the same as for the other panels in this figure. Panels a and b show the commencement of an auroral arc. Panels c and d show the arc at its maximum intensity (>80 kR). In panel d we can point out the very strongly elevated σϕ poleward of the arc. Panels e and f show two auroral arcs and corresponding σϕ values. Panels g and h show fading of the aurora and decrease in σϕ. Even though panels a and h show similar auroral intensities (<30 kR) they show different levels of σϕ: panel a – no elevated σϕ, panel h – different levels of elevated σϕ.

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