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Table 5
Interpolation error metrics and correlation of all four approaches for the VQI set of pre-processing options using the LOGO cross-validation scheme (left column shows station or set of stations left out from the interpolation, but used for evaluation), for the main test set of 40 maps.
| Left-out GNSS station | Interpolation approach | MAE | RMSE | MXAE | MMAX | MMIN | STDA | CORR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SJCE LSJK SJCU | GDA | 0.1400 | 0.2358 | 0.7203 | 0.6024 | −0.5381 | 0.1898 | 0.6638 |
| GPR | 0.1028 | 0.1521 | 0.4703 | 0.3911 | −0.4030 | 0.1121 | 0.7891 | |
| IDW | 0.1066 | 0.1534 | 0.4645 | 0.3944 | −0.4046 | 0.1103 | 0.7901 | |
| RBF | 0.1176 | 0.1851 | 0.5659 | 0.5111 | −0.4189 | 0.1429 | 0.7530 | |
| INCO | GDA | 0.1596 | 0.2442 | 0.7125 | 0.6288 | −0.4784 | 0.1848 | 0.6552 |
| GPR | 0.1155 | 0.1623 | 0.4568 | 0.3953 | −0.3489 | 0.1141 | 0.7750 | |
| IDW | 0.1119 | 0.1608 | 0.4685 | 0.4056 | −0.3500 | 0.1155 | 0.7758 | |
| RBF | 0.1331 | 0.1984 | 0.5624 | 0.4960 | −0.3857 | 0.1471 | 0.7283 | |
| LBSB | GDA | 0.2347 | 0.4161 | 0.8081 | 0.6958 | −0.4497 | 0.3436 | 0.3203 |
| GPR | 0.1326 | 0.1747 | 0.4145 | 0.3581 | −0.3017 | 0.1138 | 0.5903 | |
| IDW | 0.1452 | 0.1905 | 0.4336 | 0.3936 | −0.2913 | 0.1234 | 0.5581 | |
| RBF | 0.1734 | 0.2459 | 0.5469 | 0.4626 | −0.3479 | 0.1743 | 0.4929 | |
| LDOU | GDA | 0.4686 | 0.8276 | 1.1688 | 0.8345 | −0.8962 | 0.6821 | 0.1128 |
| GPR | 0.1690 | 0.2153 | 0.4303 | 0.3585 | −0.3163 | 0.1333 | 0.4536 | |
| IDW | 0.1916 | 0.2416 | 0.4667 | 0.4026 | −0.3052 | 0.1471 | 0.3864 | |
| RBF | 0.2623 | 0.3671 | 0.6644 | 0.5285 | −0.4369 | 0.2568 | 0.2874 | |
| LNTA | GDA | 0.1442 | 0.2085 | 0.4562 | 0.2368 | −0.4017 | 0.1506 | 0.2834 |
| GPR | 0.0825 | 0.1212 | 0.2702 | 0.1517 | −0.2440 | 0.0889 | 0.5282 | |
| IDW | 0.0949 | 0.1446 | 0.3041 | 0.2023 | −0.2550 | 0.1092 | 0.4213 | |
| RBF | 0.1647 | 0.2733 | 0.4622 | 0.2577 | −0.3566 | 0.2181 | 0.1007 |
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