Validating the performance of the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM) with in situ observations from DMSP and CHAMPDavid R. Themens, P. Thayyil Jayachandran and Anthony M. McCaffreyJ. Space Weather Space Clim., 9 (2019) A21DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019021