Space Climate
Open Access

Fig. 7

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Evolution of the number of small spots without penumbra (area < 17 μsh and ratio (total area)/(umbral area) < 7) belonging to small A and B-type groups (black curve) and to large C, D, E and F-type groups (red curve) over cycles 22 and 23. Although it is less marked in large groups (ratio 1.3 ± 0.2 compared to 3.2 ± 0.5 in small groups), a deficit is observed during cycle 23 in all types of groups.

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