Globally averaged cloud cover anomalies from the ISCCP IR (blue line) and MODIS (green line) cloud monitoring programmes (values on left-hand axis), operational since 1983 and 2000 respectively for: (a) low-level (>680 mb/3.2 km), and (b) middle-to-high-level (<680 mb/3.2 km) cloud cover. MODIS data is a composite of both Terra and Aqua MODIS data. Anomalies for ISCCP and MODIS are calculated against the total-period average of each dataset. Cosmic ray flux is also shown (red line, values on right-hand axis), calculated from the Climax Colorado (39.37° N, −106.18° W, 3400 m, 629 mb, 2.99 GeV) and Moscow (55.47° N, 37.32° E, 200 m, 1000 mb, 2.43 GeV) neutron monitor datasets.