Assumed solar wind parameters (every 10 min; top three panels) and comparisons between modeled Dst (every 10 min) and the H-component of the magnetometer record (every 15 min during the main phase and every 5–10 min during the recovery phase; bottom panel) made at the Colaba Observatory in Bombay (current day Mumbai) on 1–2 September 1859. (From Li et al. 2006, with permission from Elsevier.)