Model-data comparison during a whole storm day on August 24, 2005. (a) IMF, (b) solar wind velocity, (c) solar wind number density (blue) and dynamic pressure (green), (d) CHAMP thermospheric mass densities (red) compared with the model results from CTIPe (blue) and OpenGGCM-CTIM (green), (e) GRACE thermospheric mass densities (red) compared with the model results from CTIPe (blue) and OpenGGCM-CTIM (green), (f) magnetic latitude of CHAMP (blue) and GRACE (green), and (g) magnetic local time of CHAMP (blue) and GRACE (green). The magenta and black markers point to the density peaks during the strong P_sw period and the storm time, respectively.