Table 2.
Revised energy sources from current study. Flux density and relative input values are defined the same as in Table 1. Values are global averages, and where applicable, are mean values over the solar cycle. The solar irradiance value is globally averaged at 1 AU. The third column from left is the estimated uncertainty, if known; in some cases, a range is reported from the literature. See text for further discussion. The fifth column lists the section number of each energy source.
| Energy source | Flux density [W m−2] | Uncertainty or range [W m−2] | Relative to total solar irradiance | Section number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar irradiance | 340.2 | ±0.12 | 1.000 | 2.1 |
| Earth’s interior heat flux | 0.09 | ±0.006 | 2.6 × 10−4 | 2.2 |
| Infrared radiation from the full Moon | 0.01 | 8.7 × 10−3 to 0.0113 | 2.9 × 10−5 | 2.3 |
| Combustion of coal, oil, and gas in the United States | 0.0052 | – | 1.5 × 10−5 | 2.4 |
| Magnetic storm dissipation | 0.00362 | 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−3 | 1.1 × 10−5 | 2.5 |
| Reflected radiation from the full Moon | 0.0018 | 1.57 × 10−3 to 2.03 × 10−3 | 5.3 × 10−6 | 2.3 |
| Solar atmospheric tides | 0.00168 | – | 4.9 × 10−6 | 2.6 |
| Lightning discharge energy | 4.95 × 10−4 | 9.0 × 10−5 to 9.0 × 10−4 | 1.5 × 10−6 | 2.7 |
| Auroral emission | 3.7 × 10−4 | 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−3 | 1.1 × 10−6 | 2.8 |
| Zodiacal irradiance | 5.67 × 10−5 | 5.65 × 10−5 to 5.68 × 10−5 | 1.7 × 10−7 | 2.9 |
| Lunar tides | 1.96 × 10−5 | – | 5.8 × 10−8 | 2.10 |
| Total radiation from stars | 6.78 × 10−6 | 5.62 × 10−6 to 7.94 × 10−6 | 2.0 × 10−8 | 2.11 |
| Cosmic microwave background radiation | 3.13 × 10−6 | ±2.62 × 10−9 | 9.2 × 10−9 | 2.12 |
| Dissipation of energy from micrometeorites | 1.1 × 10−6 | 1.9 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−6 | 3.2 × 10−9 | 2.13 |
| Additional external sources | ||||
| Airglow emission | 0.0036 | – | 1.1 × 10−5 | 3 |
| Galactic cosmic rays | 8.5 × 10−6 | 7.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−5 | 2.5 × 10−8 | 3 |
| Earthshine | 1.93 × 10−7 | – | 5.7 × 10−10 | 3 |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.