Fig. 11

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Polar view of the Southern Pole during (a) January–February 2004, CR2012, (b) January–February 2013, CR2133, and (c) January 2017, CR2186 using the synoptic maps of pseudo-radial magnetic field from VSM/SOLIS. Positive/negative polarities are shown as reddish/bluish halftones. The magnetograms are scaled between ±15 G. Horizontal line in panels (a) and (c) corresponds to the beginning and end of the Carrington rotation. In this projection, the solar (Carrington) longitudes start at the horizontal line at 360° and decrease in the clockwise direction to 0° back at the horizontal line. The solar rotation as viewed from Southern pole is in the counterclockwise direction. Since these images are constructed from the Carrington rotation maps with the mean solar rotation removed, only the component related to the differential rotation is present in these images. For more detailed picture of the evolution of polar field see the accompanying video.

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