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The "Agora" is a JSWSC supplement for papers on education and public outreach, historical accounts, commentaries, and meeting and project reports. Agora papers are reviewed by members of the Editorial Board, indexed similarly to regular JSWSC papers, and citable. The JSWSC Agora was established in 2019. Volume 9 is the first volume to contain Agora papers.

Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Volume 11 (2021)

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Topical Issue - Space Weather research in the Digital Age and across the full data lifecycle

Open Access

Preface

Space Weather research in the Digital Age and across the full data lifecycle: Introduction to the Topical Issue 50

Ryan M. McGranaghan, Enrico Camporeale, Manolis Georgoulis and Anastasios Anastasiadis

Published online: 19 October 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021037

Open Access

Agora – Project report

The flare likelihood and region eruption forecasting (FLARECAST) project: flare forecasting in the big data & machine learning era 39

Manolis K. Georgoulis, D. Shaun Bloomfield, Michele Piana, Anna Maria Massone, Marco Soldati, Peter T. Gallagher, Etienne Pariat, Nicole Vilmer, Eric Buchlin, Frederic Baudin et al. (18 more)

Published online: 22 July 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021023

Open Access

Research Article

Operational Dst index prediction model based on combination of artificial neural network and empirical model 38

Wooyeon Park, Jaejin Lee, Kyung-Chan Kim, JongKil Lee, Keunchan Park, Yukinaga Miyashita, Jongdae Sohn, Jaeheung Park, Young-Sil Kwak, Junga Hwang et al. (3 more)

Published online: 30 June 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021021

Topical Issue - 10 years of JSWSC

Open Access

Agora – Project report

What sustained multi-disciplinary research can achieve: The space weather modeling framework 42

Tamas I. Gombosi, Yuxi Chen, Alex Glocer, Zhenguang Huang, Xianzhe Jia, Michael W. Liemohn, Ward B. Manchester, Tuija Pulkkinen, Nishtha Sachdeva, Qusai Al Shidi et al. (8 more)

Published online: 13 August 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021020

Open Access

Agora – Scientific reflections

Changes in the Total Solar Irradiance and climatic effects 40

Werner K. Schmutz

Published online: 22 July 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021016

Open Access

Agora – Education and public outreach

Everyday space weather 36

Madhulika Guhathakurta

Published online: 10 June 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021019

Open Access

Scientific Review

Analytical and empirical modelling of the origin and heliospheric propagation of coronal mass ejections, and space weather applications 34

Bojan Vršnak

Published online: 24 May 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021012

Open Access

Agora – Education and public outreach

Timelines as a tool for learning about space weather storms 29

Delores J. Knipp, Valerie Bernstein, Kaiya Wahl and Hisashi Hayakawa

Published online: 14 April 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021011

Open Access

Agora – Project report

Development of research capacities in space weather: a successful international cooperation 28

Christine Amory-Mazaudier, Sandro Radicella, Patricia Doherty, Sharafat Gadimova, Rolland Fleury, Bruno Nava, Emran Anas, Monique Petitdidier, Yenca Migoya-Orué, Katy Alazo-Cuartas and Kazuo Shiokawa

Published online: 31 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021006

Open Access

Agora – Scientific reflections

International cooperation: A brief history We’ve experienced 27

Wu Ji, Bai Qingjiang and Xu Yongjian

Published online: 31 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021008

Open Access

Agora – Strategic or programmatic article

Quo vadis, European Space Weather community? 26

Jean Lilensten, Mateja Dumbović, Luca Spogli, Anna Belehaki, Ronald Van der Linden, Stefaan Poedts, Teresa Barata, Mario M. Bisi, Gaël Cessateur, Erwin De Donder et al. (8 more)

Published online: 26 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021009

Open Access

Research Article

The Interplanetary and Magnetospheric causes of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) > 10 A in the Mäntsälä Finland Pipeline: 1999 through 2019 23

Bruce T. Tsurutani and Rajkumar Hajra

Published online: 18 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021001

Topical Issue - Geomagnetic Storms and Substorms: a Geomagnetically Induced Current perspective

Open Access

Research Article

Geolectric field measurement, modelling and validation during geomagnetic storms in the UK 37

Ciarán D. Beggan, Gemma S. Richardson, Orsi Baillie, Juliane Hübert and Alan W. P. Thomson

Published online: 18 June 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021022

Open Access

Research Article

Geomagnetically induced currents during the 07–08 September 2017 disturbed period: a global perspective 33

Mark A. Clilverd, Craig J. Rodger, Mervyn P. Freeman, James B. Brundell, Daniel H. Mac Manus, Michael Dalzell, Ellen Clarke, Alan W. P. Thomson, Gemma S. Richardson, Finlay MacLeod and Ian Frame

Published online: 27 April 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021014

Open Access

Research Article

Evaluating the relationship between strong geomagnetic storms and electric grid failures in Poland using the geoelectric field as a GIC proxy 30

Agnieszka Gil, Monika Berendt-Marchel, Renata Modzelewska, Szczepan Moskwa, Agnieszka Siluszyk, Marek Siluszyk, Lukasz Tomasik, Anna Wawrzaszek and Anna Wawrzynczak

Published online: 16 April 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021013

Topical Issue - Space Weather Instrumentation

Open Access

Technical Article

New cosmic ray observations at Syowa Station in the Antarctic for space weather study 31

Chihiro Kato, Wataru Kihara, Yukino Ko, Akira Kadokura, Ryuho Kataoka, Paul Evenson, Satoru Uchida, So Kaimi, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Herbert Akihito Uchida et al. (2 more)

Published online: 28 April 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021005

Open Access

Technical Article

The space weather station at the University of Alcala 24

Antonio Guerrero, Consuelo Cid, Alberto García, Emilio Domínguez, Fernando Montoya and Elena Saiz

Published online: 23 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021007

Open Access

Technical Article

The first light of the Solar Activity MOF Monitor Telescope (SAMM) 22

Roberto Speziali, Andrea Di Paola, Mauro Centrone, Maurizio Oliviero, Domenico Bonaccini Calia, Luciano Dal Sasso, Marco Faccini, Vincenzo Mauriello and Luciano Terranegra

Published online: 09 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020078

Open Access

Technical Article

SunCET: The Sun Coronal Ejection Tracker Concept 20

James Paul Mason, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Daniel Seaton, Joan Burkepile, Robin Colaninno, Karin Dissauer, Francis G. Eparvier, Yuhong Fan, Sarah Gibson, Andrew R. Jones et al. (9 more)

Published online: 01 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021004

Open Access

Technical Article

Accuracy assessment of the quiet-time ionospheric F2 peak parameters as derived from COSMIC-2 multi-GNSS radio occultation measurements 18

Iurii Cherniak, Irina Zakharenkova, John Braun, Qian Wu, Nicholas Pedatella, William Schreiner, Jan-Peter Weiss and Douglas Hunt

Published online: 18 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020080

Open Access

Technical Article

Coordinated Ionospheric Reconstruction CubeSat Experiment (CIRCE), In situ and Remote Ionospheric Sensing (IRIS) suite 16

Gemma D. R. Attrill, Andrew C. Nicholas, Graham Routledge, Junayd A. Miah, Dhiren O. Kataria, Cathryn N. Mitchell, Robert J. Watson, James Williams, Alex Agathanggelou, Charles M. Brown et al. (17 more)

Published online: 18 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020066

Open Access

Technical Article

MITO: a new directional muon telescope 13

Sindulfo Ayuso, Juan José Blanco, Juan Ignacio García Tejedor, Raúl Gómez Herrero, Iván Vrublevskyy, Óscar García Población and José Medina

Published online: 12 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020079

Open Access

Technical Article

Analysis of signal to noise ratio in coronagraph observations of coronal mass ejections 11

Johannes Hinrichs, Jackie A. Davies, Matthew J. West, Volker Bothmer, Bram Bourgoignie, Chris J. Eyles, Philipp Huke, Piers Jiggens, Bogdan Nicula and James Tappin

Published online: 08 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020070

Topical Issue - Space climate: The past and future of solar activity

Open Access

Research Article

On a limitation of Zeeman polarimetry and imperfect instrumentation in representing solar magnetic fields with weaker polarization signal 14

A.A. Pevtsov, Y. Liu, I. Virtanen, L. Bertello, K. Mursula, K.D. Leka and A.L.H. Hughes

Published online: 12 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021003

Open Access

Scientific Review

Long-term studies of photospheric magnetic fields on the Sun 4

Alexei A. Pevtsov, Luca Bertello, Yury A. Nagovitsyn, Andrey G. Tlatov and Valery V. Pipin

Published online: 22 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020069

Open Access

Research Article

Is the F_10.7cm – Sunspot Number relation linear and stable? 2

Frédéric Clette

Published online: 22 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020071

Open Access

Research Article

Graphical evidence for the solar coronal structure during the Maunder minimum: comparative study of the total eclipse drawings in 1706 and 1715 1

Hisashi Hayakawa, Mike Lockwood, Matthew J. Owens, Mitsuru Sôma, Bruno P. Besser and Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi

Published online: 22 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020035

Open Access

Research Article

An operational approach to forecast the Earth’s radiation belts dynamics 60

Guillerme Bernoux, Antoine Brunet, Éric Buchlin, Miho Janvier and Angélica Sicard

Published online: 24 December 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021045

Open Access

Research Article

Solar Energetic Particle Event occurrence prediction using Solar Flare Soft X-ray measurements and Machine Learning 59

Sigiava Aminalragia-Giamini, Savvas Raptis, Anastasios Anastasiadis, Antonis Tsigkanos, Ingmar Sandberg, Athanasios Papaioannou, Constantinos Papadimitriou, Piers Jiggens, Angels Aran and Ioannis A. Daglis

Published online: 24 December 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021043

Open Access

Technical Article

Combining Swarm Langmuir probe observations, LEO-POD-based and ground-based GNSS receivers and ionosondes for prompt detection of ionospheric earthquake and tsunami signatures: case study of 2015 Chile-Illapel event 58

Wojciech Jarmołowski, Anna Belehaki, Manuel Hernández Pajares, Michael Schmidt, Andreas Goss, Paweł Wielgosz, Heng Yang, Anna Krypiak-Gregorczyk, Ioanna Tsagouri, Evangelos Paouris et al. (6 more)

Published online: 08 December 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021042

Open Access

Technical Article

ORFEES – a radio spectrograph for the study of solar radio bursts and space weather applications 57

Abdallah Hamini, Gabriel Auxepaules, Lionel Birée, Guy Kenfack, Alain Kerdraon, Karl-Ludwig Klein, Patrice Lespagnol, Sophie Masson, Lucile Coutouly, Christian Fabrice and Renaud Romagnan

Published online: 23 November 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021039

Open Access

Technical Article

Sensing the ionosphere with the Spire radio occultation constellation 56

Matthew J. Angling, Oleguer Nogués-Correig, Vu Nguyen, Sanita Vetra-Carvalho, Francois-Xavier Bocquet, Karl Nordstrom, Stacey E. Melville, Giorgio Savastano, Shradha Mohanty and Dallas Masters

Published online: 23 November 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021040

Open Access

Research Article

OMEP-EOR: A MeV proton flux specification model for electric orbit raising missions 55

Antoine Brunet, Angélica Sicard, Constantinos Papadimitriou, Didier Lazaro and Pablo Caron

Published online: 23 November 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021038

Open Access

Research Article

Gas-surface interactions modelling influence on satellite aerodynamics and thermosphere mass density 54

Günther March, Jose van den IJssel, Christian Siemes, Pieter N. A. M. Visser, Eelco N. Doornbos and Marcin Pilinski

Published online: 26 October 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021035

Open Access

Research Article

Uncertainty quantification of the DTM2020 thermosphere model 53

Claude Boniface and Sean Bruinsma

Published online: 19 October 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021034

Open Access

Research Article

Geomagnetic activity recurrences for predicting the amplitude and shape of solar cycle n. 25 52

Piero Diego and Monica Laurenza

Published online: 19 October 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021036

Open Access

Retraction Notice

Retraction notice to: An agile high-frequency radar used for ionospheric research 49

The Editors-in-Chief and the Publisher

Published online: 12 October 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021017

PDF (92.13 KB)

Open Access

Research Article

Inner radiation belt simulations of the proton flux response in the South Atlantic Anomaly during the Geomagnetic Storm of 15 May 2005 48

Kirolosse M. Girgis, Tohru Hada, Shuichi Matsukiyo and Akimasa Yoshikawa

Published online: 15 September 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021031

Open Access

Research Article

The operational and research DTM-2020 thermosphere models 47

Sean Bruinsma and Claude Boniface

Published online: 07 September 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021032

Open Access

Research Article

Auroral zone over the last 3000 years 46

Ryuho Kataoka and Shin’ya Nakano

Published online: 20 August 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021030

Open Access

Erratum

Erratum to: New cosmic ray observations at Syowa Station in the Antarctic for space weather study 45

Chihiro Kato, Wataru Kihara, Yukino Ko, Akira Kadokura, Ryuho Kataoka, Paul Evenson, Satoru Uchida, So Kaimi, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Herbert Akihito Uchida et al. (2 more)

Published online: 16 August 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021028

Open Access

Research Article

Statistics of large impulsive magnetic events in the auroral zone 44

Kyle Reiter, Sébastien Guillon, Martin Connors and Brian Jackel

Published online: 13 August 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021029

Open Access

Research Article

GNSS positioning error forecasting in the Arctic: ROTI and Precise Point Positioning error forecasting from solar wind measurements 43

Vincent Fabbro, Knut Stanley Jacobsen, Yngvild Linnea Andalsvik and Sebastien Rougerie

Published online: 13 August 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021024

Open Access

Research Article

Timing of the solar wind propagation delay between L1 and Earth based on machine learning 41

Carsten Baumann and Aoife E. McCloskey

Published online: 13 August 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021026

Open Access

Research Article

The relevance of local magnetic records when using extreme space weather events as benchmarks 35

Elena Saiz, Consuelo Cid and Antonio Guerrero

Published online: 08 June 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021018

Open Access

Erratum

The Interplanetary and Magnetospheric causes of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) > 10 A in the Mäntsälä Finland Pipeline: 1999 through 2019 – Erratum 32

Bruce T. Tsurutani and Rajkumar Hajra

Published online: 27 April 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021015

Open Access

Retracted Article

RETRACTED: An agile high-frequency radar used for ionospheric research 25

Jingye Yan, Ailan Lan, Xiang Deng, Jiaojiao Zhang, Chi Wang and Hongbin Qiu

Published online: 23 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021010

PDF (2.411 MB)

Open Access

Research Article

The Polar Cap (PC) index combination, PCC: relations to solar wind properties and global magnetic disturbances 19

Peter Stauning

Published online: 01 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020074

Open Access

Research Article

Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect 15

Mike Lockwood, Carl Haines, Luke A. Barnard, Mathew J. Owens, Chris J. Scott, Aude Chambodut and Kathryn A. McWilliams

Published online: 17 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020077

Open Access

Research Article

Thermosphere modeling capabilities assessment: geomagnetic storms 12

Sean Bruinsma, Claude Boniface, Eric K. Sutton and Mariangel Fedrizzi

Published online: 15 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021002

Open Access

Research Article

Global equivalent slab thickness model of the Earth’s ionosphere 10

Norbert Jakowski and Mohammed Mainul Hoque

Published online: 02 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020083

Open Access

Research Article

Inferring depth-dependent plasma motions from surface observations using the DeepVel neural network 9

Benoit Tremblay, Jean-François Cossette, Maria D. Kazachenko, Paul Charbonneau and Alain Vincent

Published online: 29 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020073

Open Access

Research Article

An integrated data-driven solar wind – CME numerical framework for space weather forecasting 8

Nishant M. Narechania, Ljubomir Nikolić, Lucie Freret, Hans De Sterck and Clinton P. T. Groth

Published online: 28 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020068

Open Access

Research Article

Reconstruction of the Parker spiral with the Reverse In situ data and MHD APproach – RIMAP 7

Ruggero Biondo, Alessandro Bemporad, Andrea Mignone and Fabio Reale

Published online: 28 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020072

Open Access

Research Article

Visualizing sporadic E using aeronautical navigation signals at VHF frequencies 6

Keisuke Hosokawa, Kotaku Kimura, Jun Sakai, Susumu Saito, Ichiro Tomizawa, Michi Nishioka, Takuya Tsugawa and Mamoru Ishii

Published online: 22 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020075

Open Access

Research Article

Plasmasphere and topside ionosphere reconstruction using METOP satellite data during geomagnetic storms 5

Fabricio S. Prol, Mohammed M. Hoque and Arthur A. Ferreira

Published online: 22 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020076

Agora

Open Access

Agora – Historical events and observations

A note on the sunspot and prominence records made by Angelo Secchi during the period 1871–1875 51

Víctor M. S. Carrasco, José M. Nogales, José M. Vaquero, Theodosios Chatzistergos and Ilaria Ermolli

Published online: 19 October 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021033

Open Access

Agora – Historical events and observations

Three case reports on the cometary plasma tail in the historical documents 21

Hisashi Hayakawa, Yuri I. Fujii, Koji Murata, Yasuyuki Mitsuma, Yongchao Cheng, Nagatoshi Nogami, Kohei Ichikawa, Hidetoshi Sano, Kohji Tsumura, Yukiko Kawamoto and Masaki N. Nishino

Published online: 08 March 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020045

Open Access

Agora – Historical events and observations

The Dalton Minimum and John Dalton’s Auroral Observations 17

Sam M. Silverman and Hisashi Hayakawa

Published online: 18 February 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020082

Open Access

Agora – Project report

Prediction of the amplitude of solar cycle 25 using polar faculae observations 3

Jan Janssens

Published online: 22 January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020081

Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Volume 11 (2021)

Topical Issue - Space Weather research in the Digital Age and across the full data lifecycle

Space Weather research in the Digital Age and across the full data lifecycle: Introduction to the Topical Issue 50

The flare likelihood and region eruption forecasting (FLARECAST) project: flare forecasting in the big data & machine learning era 39

Operational Dst index prediction model based on combination of artificial neural network and empirical model 38

Topical Issue - 10 years of JSWSC

What sustained multi-disciplinary research can achieve: The space weather modeling framework 42

Changes in the Total Solar Irradiance and climatic effects 40

Everyday space weather 36

Analytical and empirical modelling of the origin and heliospheric propagation of coronal mass ejections, and space weather applications 34

Timelines as a tool for learning about space weather storms 29

Development of research capacities in space weather: a successful international cooperation 28

International cooperation: A brief history We’ve experienced 27

Quo vadis, European Space Weather community? 26

The Interplanetary and Magnetospheric causes of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) > 10 A in the Mäntsälä Finland Pipeline: 1999 through 2019 23

Topical Issue - Geomagnetic Storms and Substorms: a Geomagnetically Induced Current perspective

Geolectric field measurement, modelling and validation during geomagnetic storms in the UK 37

Geomagnetically induced currents during the 07–08 September 2017 disturbed period: a global perspective 33

Evaluating the relationship between strong geomagnetic storms and electric grid failures in Poland using the geoelectric field as a GIC proxy 30

Topical Issue - Space Weather Instrumentation

New cosmic ray observations at Syowa Station in the Antarctic for space weather study 31

The space weather station at the University of Alcala 24

The first light of the Solar Activity MOF Monitor Telescope (SAMM) 22

SunCET: The Sun Coronal Ejection Tracker Concept 20

Accuracy assessment of the quiet-time ionospheric F2 peak parameters as derived from COSMIC-2 multi-GNSS radio occultation measurements 18

Coordinated Ionospheric Reconstruction CubeSat Experiment (CIRCE), In situ and Remote Ionospheric Sensing (IRIS) suite 16

MITO: a new directional muon telescope 13

Analysis of signal to noise ratio in coronagraph observations of coronal mass ejections 11

Topical Issue - Space climate: The past and future of solar activity

On a limitation of Zeeman polarimetry and imperfect instrumentation in representing solar magnetic fields with weaker polarization signal 14

Long-term studies of photospheric magnetic fields on the Sun 4

Is the F10.7cm – Sunspot Number relation linear and stable? 2

Graphical evidence for the solar coronal structure during the Maunder minimum: comparative study of the total eclipse drawings in 1706 and 1715 1

An operational approach to forecast the Earth’s radiation belts dynamics 60

Solar Energetic Particle Event occurrence prediction using Solar Flare Soft X-ray measurements and Machine Learning 59

Combining Swarm Langmuir probe observations, LEO-POD-based and ground-based GNSS receivers and ionosondes for prompt detection of ionospheric earthquake and tsunami signatures: case study of 2015 Chile-Illapel event 58

ORFEES – a radio spectrograph for the study of solar radio bursts and space weather applications 57

Sensing the ionosphere with the Spire radio occultation constellation 56

OMEP-EOR: A MeV proton flux specification model for electric orbit raising missions 55

Gas-surface interactions modelling influence on satellite aerodynamics and thermosphere mass density 54

Uncertainty quantification of the DTM2020 thermosphere model 53

Geomagnetic activity recurrences for predicting the amplitude and shape of solar cycle n. 25 52

Retraction notice to: An agile high-frequency radar used for ionospheric research 49

Inner radiation belt simulations of the proton flux response in the South Atlantic Anomaly during the Geomagnetic Storm of 15 May 2005 48

The operational and research DTM-2020 thermosphere models 47

Auroral zone over the last 3000 years 46

Erratum to: New cosmic ray observations at Syowa Station in the Antarctic for space weather study 45

Statistics of large impulsive magnetic events in the auroral zone 44

GNSS positioning error forecasting in the Arctic: ROTI and Precise Point Positioning error forecasting from solar wind measurements 43

Timing of the solar wind propagation delay between L1 and Earth based on machine learning 41

The relevance of local magnetic records when using extreme space weather events as benchmarks 35

The Interplanetary and Magnetospheric causes of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) > 10 A in the Mäntsälä Finland Pipeline: 1999 through 2019 – Erratum 32

RETRACTED: An agile high-frequency radar used for ionospheric research 25

The Polar Cap (PC) index combination, PCC: relations to solar wind properties and global magnetic disturbances 19

Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect 15

Thermosphere modeling capabilities assessment: geomagnetic storms 12

Global equivalent slab thickness model of the Earth’s ionosphere 10

Inferring depth-dependent plasma motions from surface observations using the DeepVel neural network 9

An integrated data-driven solar wind – CME numerical framework for space weather forecasting 8

Reconstruction of the Parker spiral with the Reverse In situ data and MHD APproach – RIMAP 7

Visualizing sporadic E using aeronautical navigation signals at VHF frequencies 6

Plasmasphere and topside ionosphere reconstruction using METOP satellite data during geomagnetic storms 5

Agora

A note on the sunspot and prominence records made by Angelo Secchi during the period 1871–1875 51

Three case reports on the cometary plasma tail in the historical documents 21

The Dalton Minimum and John Dalton’s Auroral Observations 17

Prediction of the amplitude of solar cycle 25 using polar faculae observations 3

Is the F_10.7cm – Sunspot Number relation linear and stable? 2