Table 1
Normalized root mean square deviation 
as a percentage for reference, forecast, and analysis over three different storm periods (2003 storm: October 26–30, 2003, 2004 storm: July 26–30, 2004, and 2002 storm: September 27 – October 2, 2002). The 2003 storm reference performs especially poorly due to missing solar wind forcing measurements, while the Forecast benefits from assimilation of all data up to 30 min ago, and the Analysis state includes assimilation of all data in the current assimilation interval.
| Datasets assimilated |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All sats |
Only CHAMP |
Only GRACE-A |
Only GRACE-B |
|||||||
| Storm | Satellite | Reference | Forecast | Analysis | Forecast | Analysis | Forecast | Analysis | Forecast | Analysis |
| 2003 storm | CHAMP | 159.47 | 26.35 | 16.12 | 21.98 | 14.82 | 22.52 | 21.33 | 23.14 | 21.61 |
| GRACE A | 235.82 | 35.46 | 15.97 | 28.32 | 26.63 | 29.39 | 14.75 | 29.54 | 15.55 | |
| GRACE B | 232.84 | 35.02 | 15.82 | 27.96 | 26.30 | 29.04 | 14.80 | 29.29 | 15.48 | |
| 2004 storm | CHAMP | 112.10 | 37.52 | 31.35 | 37.06 | 25.11 | 36.70 | 35.65 | 37.90 | 36.58 |
| GRACE A | 179.22 | 52.95 | 30.52 | 51.93 | 48.62 | 55.69 | 33.05 | 57.47 | 33.80 | |
| GRACE B | 169.61 | 50.40 | 29.28 | 49.25 | 46.34 | 52.88 | 31.76 | 54.70 | 32.22 | |
| 2002 storm | CHAMP | 29.56 | 18.44 | 12.48 | 16.88 | 8.68 | 17.19 | 16.76 | 18.73 | 18.68 |
| GRACE A | 35.31 | 22.19 | 8.61 | 23.58 | 23.26 | 20.51 | 9.49 | 22.45 | 10.44 | |
| GRACE B | 35.85 | 21.86 | 8.04 | 22.67 | 22.38 | 20.48 | 9.62 | 22.21 | 9.21 | |
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