Norway spruce forest management in the Czech Republic is linked to the solar cycle under conditions of climate change – from tree rings to salvage harvesting | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Topical Issue - Space Climate: Long-term effects of solar variability on the Earth’s environment

Open Access

Table 4

Multiple linear regression analysis in 1961–2019 between dependent percentage of salvage logging or percentage of spruce logging and independent studied factors sunspot number, TSI, season temperature CZ, season precipitation CZ, NAO, seasonal NAO; significant results at p < 0.05 are in bold; seasonal temperature, seasonal precipitation, and seasonal NAO are detailed in the methodology section with the vegetation season.

	Percentage of salvage logging
	b*	Std.Err. of b*	b	Std.Err. of b	t	p-value	Summary Statistics
Intercept			49044.13	22708.36	2.16	0.04	Multiple R	0.47
Sunspot number	0.28	0.27	0.08	0.08	1.04	0.30	Multiple R ²	0.22
TSI	−0.59	0.28	−36.09	16.71	−2.16	0.04	Adjusted R ²	0.12
Seasonal temperature CZ	0.38	0.17	7.61	3.48	2.19	0.03	F	2.35
Seasonal precipitation CZ	−0.05	0.16	−0.01	0.05	−0.29	0.77	p-value	0.04
NAO	0.23	0.19	7.55	5.98	1.26	0.21	Std.Err. of estimate	17.77
Seasonal NAO	−0.21	0.18	−5.55	4.56	−1.22	0.23	Std.Err. of estimate	17.77
	Percentage of spruce logging
	b*	Std.Err. of b*	b	Std.Err. of b	t	p-value	Summary statistics
Intercept			−4992.04	5684.31	−0.88	0.38	Multiple R	0.50
Sunspot number	−0.54	0.27	−0.04	0.02	−2.04	0.04	Multiple R ²	0.25
TSI	0.24	0.27	3.71	4.18	0.89	0.38	Adjusted R ²	0.17
Seasonal temperature CZ	0.25	0.17	1.29	0.87	1.48	0.84	F	2.89
Seasonal precipitation CZ	0.11	0.16	0.01	0.01	0.72	0.51	p-value	0.02
NAO	0.04	0.18	0.30	1.50	0.20	0.15	Std.Err. of estimate	4.45
Seasonal NAO	0.11	0.17	0.76	1.14	0.67	0.48	Std.Err. of estimate	4.45

Notes: b* – standardized and b – non-standardized regression coefficients (relative contribution of each independent variable); Std.Err. – standard error; t – the t-value and resulting p-value are used to test the hypothesis that the intercept is equal to 0; F – the F-value and resulting p-value is used as an overall F-test of the relationship between the dependent variable and the set in independent variables.

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