Daily TSI values over 2001 (around the maximum of solar cycle 23) from the PMOD TSI composite (black squares) and the reconstruction with the SATIRE-Ca model using Rome/PSPT Ca II K observations (Chatzistergos et al., 2021a, green circles). Also shown are the individual contributions of faculae (red) and sunspots (blue), as deviations from the mean level of TSI at 1359.7 Wm⁻² (horizontal dotted black line). Exemplary Ca II K (where plage is well visible) and red-continuum (with visible sunspots and faculae, the latter more easily seen near the disc edge) same-day observations are shown in the upper and lower parts of the figure, respectively. The dates, on which these images were taken, are marked with vertical dotted lines which are numbered to link them to the corresponding images. The images have been compensated for limb darkening with the method by Chatzistergos et al. (2018b) and oriented to show the solar north pole at the top, while they are all shown in the same contrast range ([−1, 1] and [−0.2, 0.2] for the Ca II K and red-continuum ones, respectively; see Sect. 2 for the definition of contrast values).