(a–h) Absorption at 30 MHz derived from the NRCan riometer array for 08–18 May 2024. Data have been downsampled to a 1-minute median value. Stations are ordered by descending geographic latitude (see Table 1) according to the station label in the upper right portion of the panel. Grey shading indicates when the station was located on the nightside. (i) Maximum northern hemisphere (black) and southern hemisphere (grey) polar cap absorption at 30 MHz modelled using the Fiori & Danskin (2016) “non-optimized” model at 5-minute increments.