Energy resolution for hydrogen (H), helium (He), carbon (C), and iron (Fe) nuclei with energies from 20 MeV/n to 1 GeV/n (10 GeV/n for iron). The yellow histograms show the performance for testing events of the target charge which we selected based on knowledge from the simulation (Z_mc = Z_target), the blue ones the result for particles that were selected by our charge-determination network from a test data set containing all elements up to cobalt (Z_rec = Z_target). For helium and carbon, we trained the networks with nuclei in the range [Z − 1, Z + 1] of the target charge and the one for iron in the range Z ∈ [24, 28]. The network for hydrogen was always trained for the target charge only. The red histograms show the performance for networks trained only with the target charge determined from the simulation (∆Z_mc = 0).