The hourly averaged solar radio flux F10.7 index in years 2010–2020. The red (blue) shaded area shows the time interval selected as high (low) solar activity level, respectively.

Variability of background electron density (bNe) (a), Rate Of change Density (ROD) (b), Amplitude of Ne (c), filtered Ne in 10 s (d) and gradient Ne in 20 km scale (e) measured by Swarm A in the Northern (top) and Southern (bottom) hemispheres during the year with high (left) and low (right) solar activity levels. The red color shows the distribution in the low latitude region, green - in the mid-latitude, blue - in the high latitude and purple – in the polar region. Histograms for each parameter are presented on the same scale.

Plots with the best fit (red line) distribution (blue histogram) for electron density Ne in different regions for the Northern (NH) and Southern (SH) hemispheres during high (left) and low (right) solar activity levels. The name of the PDF is presented with fit parameters.

Plots with best fit (red line) distribution (blue histogram) for RODI in 10 s in different regions for the Northern (NH) and Southern (SH) hemispheres during high (left) and low (right) solar activity levels. The name of the PDF is presented with fit parameters.

Distribution of the electron density Ne versus geomagnetic longitude (a) and latitude (b) for the selected time interval from 0 to 6 MLT. Diurnal variation of the Ne in the area MLAT (−65°; −45°) and MLON (−40°; 60°) shows an effect of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (c) at night and in the morning hours.

The diurnal variation of the background electron density bNe in the polar cap region for the Northern (top) and Southern (bottom) hemispheres during high (left) and low (right) solar activity levels. Additional plots present distribution with such values on a logarithmic scale. The colour bar shows the density of counts in the same scale for all plots. The Y-axis limit based on Figure SM1.