Research Article

Interplanetarymedium monitoring with LISA: Lessons from LISA Pathfinder

¹ INFN – Sezione di Firenze, Via B. Rossi, 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
² DISPEA, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
³ INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

^* Corresponding author: andrea.cesarini@fi.infn.it

Received: 24 April 2022
Accepted: 18 September 2022

Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) of the European Space Agency (ESA) will be the first low-frequency gravitational-wave observatory orbiting the Sun at 1 AU. The LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission, aiming at testing the instruments to be located on board the LISA spacecraft (S/C), hosted, among the others, fluxgate magnetometers and a particle detector as parts of a diagnostics subsystem. These instruments allowed us to estimate the magnetic and Coulomb spurious forces acting on the test masses that constitute the mirrors of the interferometer. With these instruments, we also had the possibility to study the galactic cosmic-ray short term-term variations as a function of the particle energy and the associated interplanetary disturbances. Platform magnetometers and particle detectors will also be placed on board each LISA S/C. This work reports on an empirical method that allowed us to disentangle the interplanetary and onboard-generated components of the magnetic field by using the LPF magnetometer measurements. Moreover, we estimate the number and fluence of solar energetic particle events expected to be observed with the ESA Next Generation Radiation Monitor during the mission lifetime. An additional cosmic-ray detector, similar to that designed for LPF, in combination with magnetometers, would permit to observe the evolution of recurrent and non-recurrent galactic cosmic-ray variations and associated increases of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field at the transit of high-speed solar wind streams and interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections. The diagnostics subsystem of LISA makes this mission also a natural multi-point observatory for space weather science investigations.