Table 2.

Average daily frequency of grid disturbances for three distinct selection criteria: fa from 2 to 5 days after a major flare; fi for inactive intervals, i.e., 4-d intervals following the first 7-d intervals of no M or X flaring prior to dates with major flaring; fr for a randomly-selected 4-d interval between 5 and 50 days before or after “major flaring”. The conditional criterion for days with “major flaring” is defined in the first column for each of the three rows. The final two columns show the total number of dates, Nd, and the total number of flares on such dates, Nf. Uncertainties and subsampling criteria are as defined in Table 1.

Selection criterion for reference dates fa (2–5 d after M/X flaring) fi (nearby interval, without M/X flaring) fr (random nearby date) Nd Nf
All disturbances (1,216 cases)
Multiple X flares 0.328 ± 0.072 0.063 ± 0.031 0.210 ± 0.071 16 36
At least one X flare 0.179 ± 0.020 0.116 ± 0.015 0.154 ± 0.022 116 136
At least one M or X flare 0.151 ± 0.006 0.126 ± 0.005 0.148 ± 0.007 1,054 1,897
WET: Attributed to weather/external/technical causes (743 cases)
Multiple X flares 0.140 ± 0.047 0.031 ± 0.022 0.120 ± 0.056
At least one X flare 0.071 ± 0.012 0.050 ± 0.010 0.085 ± 0.017
At least one M or X flare 0.077 ± 0.004 0.068 ± 0.004 0.083± 0.005
U: Unclear/unknown attribution (473 cases)
Multiple X flares 0.188 ± 0.054 0.031 ± 0.022 0.090 ± 0.040
At least one X flare 0.108 ± 0.015 0.067 ± 0.012 0.067 ± 0.011
At least one M or X flare 0.074 ± 0.004 0.058 ± 0.004 0.064 ± 0.004

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