Table 1

CDS vs. DDM: comparison of basic parameters.

CDS DDM
Time resolution ∼10 s Typically 15 or 5 min
Spatial information Reflection points are assumed in midpoints between Tx and Rx Location of reflection points is displayed in SKYmaps
Virtual height resolution None. Reflection heights are estimated from ionograms Typically 5 km
Measurement duration Continuous ∼1 min
Sounding frequency Fixed Fixed or related to critical frequencies, programmable

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