Two solar proton fluence models based on ground level enhancement observations | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Measurement, Specification and Forecasting of the Solar Energetic Particle Environment and GLEs

Open Access

Table 1

Observed GLEs since 1942 and their solar event associations. Data references are given in the notes below the table.

GLE	Episode	Solar cycle	Date	Flare onset^a	Flare max^a	Solar coordinate^b	Active region^c	GLE onset^d
1		17	1942-02-28	1200^e	1205^e	N07E04	1182, 12	1200
2		17	1942-03-07	0442^e	0450^e	N07W90	N.R.	0500
3		18	1946-07-25	1615	1640	N22E15	1242, 51	1645
4		18	1949-11-19	1029	1033	S02W70	1286, 23	1044
5	1	19	1956-02-23	0331	0342	N23W80	3400	0343
6	2	19	1956-08-31	1226	1243	N15E15	3646	1250
7	3	19	1959-07-16	2114	2132	N16W31	5265	2500
8	4	19	1960-05-04	1000	1016	N13W90	5642	1030
9	5	19	1960-09-03	0037	0108	N18E88	5837	0200
10	6	19	1960-11-12	1315	1330	N27W04	5925	1335
11	6	19	1960-11-15	0207	0221	N25W35	5925	0230
12	6	19	1960-11-20	2017	2020	N25W113	5925	2058
13	7	19	1961-07-18	0920	1005	S07W59	6171	1015
14	7	19	1961-07-20	1553	N.R.	S06W90	6171	1615
15	8	20	1966-07-07	0025	0040	N35W48	8362	0055
16	9	20	1967-01-28	0206^f	N.R.	N22W154	8687^g	0302
17	9	20	1967-01-28	0714^f	N.R.	N22W154	8687^g	0810
18	10	20	1968-09-29	1618	1623	N17W51	9678	1710
19	11	20	1968-11-18	1017	1035	N21W87	9760	1038
20	12	20	1969-02-25	0900	0913	N13W37	9946	0915
21	13	20	1969-03-30	0304^f	N.R.	N19W106	9994	0400
22	14	20	1971-01-24	2309	2330	N19W49	11128	2328
23	15	20	1971-09-01	1904^f	N.R.	S11W120	N.R.	2000
24	16	20	1972-08-04	0621	0635	N14E08	11976	1330
25	16	20	1972-08-07	1505	1528	N14W37	11976	1528
26	17	20	1973-04-29	2056	2108	N13W73	12322	2143
27	18	21	1976-04-30	2048	2103	S08W46	700	2123
28	19	21	1977-09-19	0955	1042	N08W57	899	1100
29	19	21	1977-09-24	0512^f	N.R.	N10W120	899	0608
30	20	21	1977-11-22	0945	1007	N24W40	939	1013
31	21	21	1978-05-07	0327	0336	N23W72	1095	0336
32	22	21	1978-09-23	0944	1010	N35W50	1294	1028
33	23	21	1979-08-21	0611	0613	N17W40	1926	0640
34	24	21	1981-04-10	1632	1703	N07W36	3025	1745
35	25	21	1981-05-10	0712	0731	N03W75	3079	0615
36	26	21	1981-10-12	0622	0636	S18E31	3390	0650^h
37	27	21	1982-11-26	0230	0237	S12W87	3994	0300
38	28	21	1982-12-07	2336ⁱ	2354ⁱ	S19W86	4007	2350
39	29	21	1984-02-16	0815^j	0900^k	W130	4408	0905
40	30	22	1989-07-25	0839	0843	N26W85	5603	0850
41	31	22	1989-08-16	0108	0117	S15W85	5629	0145
42	32	22	1989-09-29	1047	1133	W100	5698	1135
43	32	22	1989-10-19	1229	1245	S25E09	5747	1310
44	32	22	1989-10-22	1708	1757	S27W32	5747	1810
45	32	22	1989-10-24	1736	1831	S29W57	5747	1820
46	33	22	1989-11-15	0638	0705	N11W28	5786	0705
47	34	22	1990-05-21	2212	2217	N34W37	6063	2230
48	34	22	1990-05-24	2046	2049	N36W76	6063	2110
49	34	22	1990-05-26	2045	2058	W100	6063	2055
50	34	22	1990-05-28	0428ⁱ	0433ⁱ	W120	6063	1000
51	35	22	1991-06-11	0209	0229	N32W15	6659	0230
52	35	22	1991-06-15	0633ⁱ	0831ⁱ	N36W70	6659	0840
53	36	22	1992-06-25	1947	2011	N10W68	7205	2035
54	37	22	1992-11-02	0231	0308	W100	7321	0350
55	38	23	1997-11-06	1149	1155	S18W63	8100	1210
56	39	23	1998-05-02	1331	1342	S15W15	8210	1355
57	39	23	1998-05-06	0758	0809	S15W64	8210	0825
58	40	23	1998-08-24	2150	2212	N35E09	8307	2250
59	41	23	2000-07-14	1003	1024	N22W07	9077	1030
60	42	23	2001-04-15	1319	1350	S20W84	9415	1400
61	42	23	2001-04-18	0211	0214	W115	9415	0235
62	43	23	2001-11-04	1603	1620	N07W19	9684	1700
63	44	23	2001-12-26	0432	0540	N08W54	9742	0530
64	45	23	2002-08-24	0049	0112	S02W81	10069	0120
65	46	23	2003-10-28	0951	1110	S16E08	10486	1120
66	46	23	2003-10-29	2037	2049	S15W02	10486	2105
67	46	23	2003-11-02	1703	1725	S14W56	10486	1730
68	47	23	2005-01-17	0938^l	0952^l	N13W23	10720	0955
69	47	23	2005-01-20	0636	0701	N12W58	10720	0650
70	48	23	2006-12-13	0214	0240	S06W23	10930	0245
71	49	24	2012-05-17	0125	0147	N11W76	11476	0143

Notes. ^(a)GLE1-32: Hα onset and maximum from Cliver et al. (1982); GLE33-69: X-ray onset and maximum from Belov et al. (2010); GLE70: X-ray onset and maximum from NOAA STP X-ray database; GLE71: X-ray onset and maximum from Gopalswamy et al. (2013). ^(b)GLE1-32: Cliver et al. (1982); GLE33-69: Cliver (2006); GLE70: NOAA STP X-ray database; GLE71: Gopalswamy et al. (2013). ^(c)GLE1-4: Meudon rot/n from the Quarterly Bulletin on Solar Activity; GLE5-21: McMath plage region from Švestka and Simon (1975); GLE22-26: McMath plage region from NOAA STP Hα database; GLE27-69: NOAA AR from Belov et al. (2010); GLE70: NOAA AR from NOAA STP X-ray database; GLE71: NOAA AR from Gopalswamy et al. (2013). ^(d)GLE1-32: Cliver et al. (1982); GLE33-53: Firoz et al. (2010); GLE54: Shea et al. (1995); GLE55-70: Gopalswamy et al. (2012); GLE71: Gopalswamy et al. (2013). ^(e)Hα flash phase onset and maximum.^(f)GLE onset time minus the average time difference between the flare onset and GLE onset of GLEs 1–32.^(g)Dodson and Hedeman (1969).^(h)Kudela et al. (1993).⁽ⁱ⁾NOAA STP X-ray database.^(j)GLE onset time minus the average time difference between the flare onset and GLE onset of GLEs 33–54.^(k)Cliver (2006).^(l)Gopalswamy et al. (2012).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.