Comparing the effects of solar-related and terrestrial drivers on the northern polar vortex | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Topical Issue - Space climate: The past and future of solar activity

Open Access

Fig. 1

Detrended and standardized time-series of February Ap-index (first plot), sunspot number (second plot), Niño 3.4 index (third plot), aerosol optical depth (fourth plot) and QBO (fifth plot). Excluded SSW winters are marked with red lines.

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