Table 2
Comparison between flow fields vD,t and vref,t for the QS datasets (i.e., STAGGER and MURaM-QS). RMSE is the root mean squared error (Eq. (1)), Eabs is the mean absolute error (Eq. (2)), Erel is the mean relative error (Eq. (3)), C is the correlation coefficient (Eq. (4)), A is the spatially-averaged normalized dot product (Eq. (5)) and S is the ratio between the integrals of the unsigned shear components of the DeepVel and reference Poynting fluxes (Eq. (9)).
| Training set (QS dataset) | Quantity (units) | Depth | RMSE | Eabs | Erel (%) | C ∈ [0, 1] | A ∈ [−1, 1] | S (no units) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STAGGER | vt (km s−1) | τ ≈ 1.00 | 0.777 | 0.694 | 70.6 | 0.841 | 0.786 | 0.811 |
| τ ≈ 0.10 | 0.697 | 0.620 | 65.4 | 0.867 | 0.810 | 0.793 | ||
| τ ≈ 0.01 | 0.553 | 0.491 | 70.3 | 0.852 | 0.791 | 0.729 | ||
| ∇ t ·vt (10−3 s−1) | τ ≈ 1.00 | 0.735 | 0.577 | 195.7 | 0.912 | – | – | |
| τ ≈ 0.10 | 0.783 | 0.618 | 261.3 | 0.892 | – | – | ||
| τ ≈ 0.01 | 0.931 | 0.733 | 199.9 | 0.884 | – | – | ||
| (∇ × v)z (10−3 s−1) | τ ≈ 1.00 | 0.767 | 0.607 | 281.6 | 0.887 | – | – | |
| τ ≈ 0.10 | 0.796 | 0.630 | 301.9 | 0.871 | – | – | ||
| τ ≈ 0.01 | 0.930 | 0.726 | 225.6 | 0.851 | – | – | ||
| MURaM-QS (three-depth version) | vt (km s−1) | τ ≈ 1.00 | 1.460 | 1.130 | 52.9 | 0.890 | 0.862 | – |
| τ ≈ 0.10 | 1.303 | 1.031 | 55.8 | 0.904 | 0.850 | – | ||
| τ ≈ 0.01 | 1.378 | 1.146 | 81.5 | 0.819 | 0.727 | – | ||
| ∇ t ·vt (s−1) | τ ≈ 1.00 | 0.029 | 0.019 | 753.4 | 0.511 | – | – | |
| τ ≈ 0.10 | 0.018 | 0.012 | 579.4 | 0.469 | – | – | ||
| τ ≈ 0.01 | 0.017 | 0.011 | 5419.6 | 0.262 | – | – | ||
| (∇ × v)z (s−1) | τ ≈ 1.00 | 0.031 | 0.020 | 883.0 | 0.467 | – | – | |
| τ ≈ 0.10 | 0.020 | 0.013 | 540.1 | 0.444 | – | – | ||
| τ ≈ 0.01 | 0.019 | 0.012 | 610.0 | 0.245 | – | – | ||
| MURaM-QS (single-depth version) | vt (km s−1) | d = 0 km | 1.386 | 1.109 | 54.2 | 0.907 | 0.872 | – |
| d = 144 km | 1.741 | 1.358 | 67.9 | 0.827 | 0.796 | – | ||
| d = 560 km | 2.110 | 1.677 | 117.0 | 0.415 | 0.428 | – | ||
| ∇ t ·vt (s−1) | d = 0 km | 0.026 | 0.017 | 584.3 | 0.513 | – | – | |
| d = 144 km | 0.036 | 0.024 | 653.6 | 0.411 | – | – | ||
| d = 560 km | 0.036 | 0.023 | 521.1 | 0.065 | – | – | ||
| (∇ × v)z (s−1) | d = 0 km | 0.027 | 0.018 | 665.1 | 0.466 | – | – | |
| d = 144 km | 0.039 | 0.025 | 617.8 | 0.379 | – | – | ||
| d = 560 km | 0.038 | 0.024 | 648.0 | 0.052 | – | – |
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