Erratum for: J. Space Weather Space Clim., 11 (2021) 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021001

© B.T. Tsurutani & R. Hajra, Published by EDP Sciences 2021

In Section 3, last sentence of the penultimate paragraph on page 4, the onset “shock/SSS” should be replaced by “PP/SSS”, thus reading:

Figure 3 shows the second Halloween magnetic storm on days 303–304 of year 2003. A sheath Bs upstream of an ICME causes a superstorm of intensity SYM-H = −432 nT. A solar wind density spike (PP) at ~1949UT (2249 LT) caused a SI⁺ of 61 nT and triggered a short duration SSS of SML = −3872 nT. A GIC of 49 A occurred at the time of the PP/SSS onset.

On the next paragraph, a sentence is missing:

A second short duration SML = −2724 nT SSS occurred in the storm main phase. It is associated with a double GIC event with peaks of 33 A and 27 A. There are two clusters of GICs with > 10 A intensities in the storm recovery phase. They are associated with substorm intervals of peak SML intensities of −1821 nT and −797 nT, respectively. In the first cluster there is a GIC of 30 A at 0213 UT on day 304. A PP occurred nearly time-coincident with the GIC. In the second cluster there is a 27 A GIC at 0536 UT on day 304. There is another GIC cluster, well after storm recovery, with 16 A at 1119 UT, 19 A at 1152 UT, 14 A at 1227 UT and 16 A at 1246 UT on day 304.

In Section 3.2, second paragraph of the section, page 8, a miss numbering has not been rectified:

Figure 10 and Table 1 give the detailed information of all Mäntsälä GICs with > 30 A intensities. There are only 21 > 30 A GIC events in the 21-year study period. Thus, these events are quite rare. One of these > 30 A events was related to a shock and five were related to ram pressure increases caused by PPs. Figure 10 gives the information in a graphic format and Table 1 in a tabular form. The plot format in Figure 10 is the same as for Figure 9 but here all > 30 A GICs are shown independent of whether they were shock-related or not.

Table 1

Details of the GIC > 30 A events under study.

This correction should have also been added in the first paragraph of Sect. 4.2, page 10:

From Table 1, it is noted that 5 out of the 21 Mäntsälä > 30 A GICs were due to PPs. PPs being time-coincident with Mäntsälä GICs is a new discovery. PPs are the second most geoeffective interplanetary cause (after substorms) for > 30 A GICs. Why were these PPs more geoeffective than shocks? The plasma density increase across a shock is a maximum of ~4 (Kennel et al., 1985), but statistically only a factor of 1–3 (Tsurutani & Lin, 1985). Several of the geoeffective PPs were noted to have considerably higher density increases than ~4.

In Table 1, in first row (for 197/2000) corresponding to Shock/PP column, PP should be replaced by No.

Page 13, the reference Tsurutani et al. (2015), the title of the article should be changed to:

Tsurutani BT, Hajra R, Echer E, Gjerloev JW. 2015. Extremely intense (SML ≤ −2500 nT) substorms: isolated events that are externally triggered? Ann Geophys 22: 519–524. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeocom-33-519-2015.

In the Appendix, page 19, in the Days 303–304 paragraph, a sentence is missing:

Days 303–304 (30–31 October), 2003 (Fig. A27). This event was previously discussed in Results section (Fig. 3). The second “Halloween” superstorm. A sheath Bs upstream of an ICME causes the second October Halloween storm of intensity SYM-H = −432 nT. A solar wind density spike (PP) at ~1949 UT (2249 LT) (denoted by the SI+ of ~61 nT) created a GIC of 49 A and a short-duration SSS of amplitude SML = −3872 nT. Mäntsälä was in the midnight sector at the time. Another PP at 0213 UT day 204 caused a 30 A GIC. A second short-duration SML = −2724 nT SSS occurred in the storm main phase. It is associated with a double GIC of 33 and 27 A. There are two clusters of GICs with > 10 A intensities in the storm recovery phase. They are associated with substorm intervals of peak intensities of SML = −1821 and −797 nT, respectively. In the first cluster there is a GIC of 30 A at 0213 UT on day 304. In the second cluster there is a 27 A GIC at 0536 UT day 304. There is a fourth GIC cluster with 16 A at 1119 UT, 19 A at 1152 UT, 16 A at 1119 UT, 14 A at 1227 UT and 16 A at 1246 UT. There were 90 GICs > 10 A and 3 GICs > 30 A.

References

All Tables