Mesospheric ionization during substorm growth phase | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

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Table A1

List of the mesospheric echoes at <70 km altitude identified by the PANSY radar during substorms. “Arase conjunction” indicates whether the footprints are located at ±5° in magnetic latitude and ±1 MLT from Syowa Station at the timing of the echoes. “Aurora data” represents whether the sky is clear and the data of the all-sky imager is available. “Substorm phase” is determined from the local magnetic field variation and the all-sky images of aurora. “Max SME” shows peaks of SME index (Gjerloev, 2012) of the substorms.

#	Date (yyyy-mm-dd)	Time (UT)	Arase conjunction	Aurora data	Substorm phase	Max SME [nT]	comments
1	2017-05-25	23:05	○	○	growth	211	Event #2
1	2017-05-25	23:30	○	○	expansion	211	Event #2

2	2017-06-17	23:40	○	×	expansion	673

3	2017-06-30	22:20	○	○	expansion	411	Reported by Kataoka et al. (2019)

4	2017-07-11	23:30	×	×	expansion	463

5	2017-07-21	23:40	×	○	expansion	641

6	2017-07-23	00:20	×	○	recovery	559

7	2017-08-06	00:50	×	×	unclear	792

8	2017-09-07	20:45	×	○	growth	3510	During a solar proton event

9	2017-09-08	00:20	×	○	unclear	4455

10	2017-09-10	21:50	×	○	unclear	666	During a solar proton event

11	2017-09-11	22:50	×	×	expansion	552	During a solar proton event

12	2018-03-23	23:10	×	○	recovery	865

13	2018-03-24	00:30	×	○	recovery	865

14	2018-04-11	01:15	×	○	expansion	1121
14	2018-04-11	02:05	×	○	recovery	1121

15	2018-05-06	22:05	×	○	expansion	1121

16	2018-06-02	01:40	×	×	unclear	1332
16	2018-06-02	02:00	×	×	unclear	1332

17	2018-06-07	21:25	×	○	expansion	180

18	2018-06-26	20:15	×	×	expansion	597

19	2018-06-27	22:20	×	×	expansion	256
19	2018-06-27	00:15	×	×	unclear	261

20	2018-07-24	23:55	○	○	growth - expansion	365	Event #1

21	2018-07-25	21:10	×	○	expansion	328

22	2018-08-21	23:50	○	○	unclear	363

23	2018-08-27	20:15	×	×	growth	698
23	2018-08-27	22:00	×	×	recovery	698

24	2018-08-29	00:10	×	×	expansion	329

25	2018-08-30	20:05	×	×	unclear	401

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