Event-based comparison between HelioCast d = 15° model (blue) and OMNI data (black) for the total wind speed. Shaded regions in the bottom part of the plot represent detected events in the model, true positives when green/false positives when red. The threshold for the HSS detection is marked by the black dashed line. The top shaded regions are the HSSs detected in the data, and the red color indicates the false negatives.