Ionospheric response to the January 2022 geomagnetic storm using LOFAR and GNSS | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Open Access

Figure 13

Direction of the ionospheric velocity measured using the LOFAR power data in terms of the azimuthal angle of the velocity. The colour represents the mean cross-correlation of all the baselines every 30 s while the magenta lines represent the possible azimuthal angle of $\vec{B} \times \vec{LoS}$ $\vec{B}\times \overrightarrow{\mathrm{LoS}}$ . vector. We applied the algorithm to LOFAR intensity data at 60 MHz.

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