Histograms showing the distribution of the residuals (modelled minus measured MMA) for 8-h cadence models with maximum spherical harmonic degrees l_max = 1 (blue), l_max = 2 (orange), and l_max = 3 (green). Each panel includes the mean (μ) and standard deviation of the corresponding distribution. The comparison is based on a model derived from Swarm A and B data and measurements from MSS–1A. The east–west component is the best resolved across all three models, whereas the radial component exhibits a broader spread. Overall, the integrated results show no significant differences between the three models for MSS–1A data collected from January to October 2025.