Time derivative of the horizontal external magnetic field |dH/dt| in geographic coordinates at 06:31 UT, 2 Sep 1859 (the moment of the largest |dH/dt| during the Carrington event simulation), before (left) and after 150° westward rotation (right) with respect to the geomagnetic dipole axis. The yellow star indicates the point with the largest simulated |dH/dt|. dX/dt and dY/dt time series at this point are shown in Figure 5. The transformation from the geomagnetic to geographic coordinate system was performed using the position of the geomagnetic north pole in 2025 according to the IGRF model (80.8° N, 72.8° W).