Left panel: Time-of-maximum differential spectra for several SPEs observed at the Earth’s orbit (14 July 2000, 28 October 2003, 12 May 2006) and at some distance from the Earth (5 December 2006) (adapted from Mewaldt et al., 2007). Middle panel: Integral intensity spectra for several GLEs in the energy range between 10 MeV–10 GeV (from Wang, 2009) along with expected upper limit spectrum (ULS) by Miroshnichenko (1996) (dashed curve). Right panel: Spectra of proton fluences obtained for several large SPEs of 1956–2005 (adapted from Mewaldt et al., 2005a,b, 2007).