Table 1
List of ionosonde observatories used in this work, in order of decreasing latitude. Note that the longitudes for the three stations to the West of the Greenwich meridian are listed with negative longitudes. Distances and bearings to the location of the eruption were calculated using the calculator freely available online at this URL: https://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html. This calculator takes into account the WGS-84 shape of the Earth, using the formulas found in Vincenty (1975).
| Name | Ursicode | Latitude | Longitude | Ionosonde | Cadence | Distance | Azimuth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juliusruh | JR055 | 54.6°N | 13.4°E | DPS-4D | 5 min | 15,931 km | 29.0° |
| Fairford | FF051 | 51.7°N | −1.5°E | DPS-4D | 7.5 min | 16,536 km | 5.6° |
| Chilton | RL052 | 51.5°N | −0.6°E | DPS-1 | 10 min | 16,551 km | 7.3° |
| Dourbes | DB049 | 50.1°N | 4.6°E | DPS-4D | 5 min | 16,626 km | 17.2° |
| Pruhonice | PQ052 | 50.0°N | 14.6°E | DPS-4D | 15 min | 16,326 km | 34.3° |
| Sopron | SO148 | 47.6°N | 16.7°E | DPS-4D | 15 min | 16,443 km | 39.9° |
| Rome | RO041 | 41.9°N | 12.5°E | DPS-4 | 15 min | 17,148 km | 39.3° |
| Roquetes | °EB040 | 40.8°N | 0.5°E | DPS-4D | 5 min | 17,707 km | 13.7° |
| San Vito | VT139 | 40.6°N | 17.8°E | DPS-4D | 7.5 min | 16,940 km | 50.3° |
| Athens | AT138 | 38.0°N | 23.5°E | DPS-4D | 5 min | 16,694 km | 62.3° |
| Gibilmanna | GM037 | 37.9°N | 14.0°E | AIS-I°NGV | 15 min | 17,384 km | 48.1° |
| El Arenosillo | EA036 | 37.1°N | −6.7°E | DPS-4D | 5 min | 18,158 km | 353.19° |
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