On the uncertain intensity estimate of the 1859 Carrington storm | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Topical Issue - Space Climate: Long-term effects of solar variability on the Earth’s environment

Open Access

Table 4

Hourly average superstorm intensities Dⁱ, equation (5), calculated for observatory (Obs) hourly average intensities ${\bar{d}}_{n}^{i}$ ${\bar{d}}_n^i$ , equation (7), for selected storms. Month (Mn), Day (Dy), Apia (API), Cape Town (CTO), Colaba (CLA), Coimbra (COI), Cuajimalpa (CUA), Hermanus (HER), Honolulu (HON), Kakioka (KAK), Mauritius (MRI), San Fernando (SFS), San Juan (SJG), Vieques (VQS), Watheroo (WAT), and Zi-Ka-Wei (ZKW). Data in local-noon sector (09:00–14:59) are listed in bold. Data are shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Year	Mn	Dy	Dⁱ (nT)	Obs	${\bar{d}}_{n}^{i}$ ${\bar{d}}_n^i$ (nT)	Obs	${\bar{d}}_{n}^{i}$ ${\bar{d}}_n^i$ (nT)	Obs	${\bar{d}}_{n}^{i}$ ${\bar{d}}_n^i$ (nT)	Obs	${\bar{d}}_{n}^{i}$ ${\bar{d}}_n^i$ (nT)	Source
1903	10	31	513	COI	526	CLA	457	ZKW	595	CUA	490	Hayakawa et al. (2020c)
1909	09	25	595	SFS	624	MRI	–	API	484	VQS	–	Love et al. (2019b)
1921	05	15	907	SFS	–	WAT	1335	API	850	VSS	781	Love et al. (2019a)
1940	03	24	398	CTO	359	KAK	363	HON	317	VSS	556	Hayakawa et al. (2022b)
1946	03	28	512	HER	419	WAT	665	HON	456	SJG	516	Hayakawa et al. (2020b)

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