Hazard variation plots for the first peak of the 7–8th September 2017 storm using Swarm B Level1b OPER data. (a) plots the magnetic field intensity variation ${\sigma }_{F_s}(\overline{\theta },\overline{\varphi })$ over the time period. (b) shows $\Delta {\overline{\sigma }}_{F_s}(\mathrm{\Phi },{\mathrm{\Psi }}_{2020})$ i.e. panel (a) normalized by the mean magnetic variation of 2020. (c) plots the exceedance of the quantiles $q_{n,F_s}(\overline{\theta },\overline{\varphi })$ where the colour scheme reflects if ${\sigma }_{F_s}(\overline{\theta },\overline{\varphi })\ge q_{n,F_s}(\overline{\theta },\overline{\varphi })$. (d) and (e) are as in Figure 5, except each timepoint represents when Swarm B passes between ±75° latitude and (d) over plots Hp60 to better match the cadence of these orbit segments. (f) and (g) are of the form of (c) but for the components B_x, B_y and B_z, respectively. They only show the exceedance of the highest quantiles (n ≥ 95).