For the 22 possible combinations of “p” and “c” (last 2 components of the McIntosh classification scheme), this graph shows on the horizontal axis the % of these groups of the total number of classified sunspot groups (22232) and on the vertical axis the % of M- and X-class flares (2549) they produced. The full orange and dashed orange lines represent, respectively, the average and the average + 1 standard deviation. 57% of all groups produce only 12% of all M- and X-class flares (4 “pc” types in the lower right), but 48% of all M- and X-class flares are produced by just 8% of all groups (3 “pc” types in the upper left). More details are provided in the text.