Solar wind, interplanetary and geomagnetic conditions during 10–11 May 2024. From top to bottom, the panels are: (a) solar wind proton speed V_p, (b) proton density N_p (black, legend on the left) and ram pressure P_sw (red, legend on the right), (c) proton temperature T_p (black, legend on the left) and plasma-β (red, legend on the right), (d) interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude B₀ (black), and B_x (blue), B_y (green), B_z (red) components, (e) motional electric field VB_s, (f) geomagnetic symmetric ring current index SYM-H, and (g) westward aurora electrojet index SML. Vertical lines indicate a fast forward (FF) shock (black dashed line), an FF wave (black solid line), and the SSS SML peaks (red short-dotted lines). An interplanetary sheath is marked by a green horizontal bar at the top, and magnetic clouds (MCs) are marked by light-blue vertical shadings and blue horizontal bars at the top. Red horizontal dashed line in the SML panel (g) indicates SML = −2500 nT, the threshold level for an SSS. The figure is updated from Hajra et al. (2024a).