Table 1
Mean (μ) and root-mean-square (σ) residuals, and number of data points (N), for Alpha and Bravo satellite data (within quasi-dipole latitudes of ±55°), observatory data used in the inversion, and observatory data used in the validation. Results are shown for models DIFI-8a (with toroidal field corrections, TFC) and DIFI-8b (without corrections, no TFC). Residuals are provided for the radial (r), polar (θ), and azimuthal (φ) components of the magnetic field. For satellite data, residuals are computed only within the domain of validity, defined by quasi-dipole latitudes within ±55°.
| N | μr (nT) | σr (nT) | μθ (nT) | σθ (nT) | μφ (nT) | σφ (nT) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) DIFI-8a (TFC) | |||||||
| Alpha & Bravo | 716,597 | −0.03 | 3.51 | −0.16 | 4.30 | −0.17 | 7.01 |
| Alpha | 365,211 | 0.02 | 3.57 | −0.20 | 4.39 | −0.20 | 7.13 |
| Bravo | 351,386 | −0.07 | 3.44 | −0.13 | 4.21 | −0.14 | 6.88 |
| Obs. Inversion | 846,978 | −0.14 | 4.53 | 0.20 | 6.34 | −0.08 | 5.86 |
| Obs. Validation | 1,095,895 | −0.53 | 4.78 | −0.69 | 7.42 | −0.03 | 6.57 |
| (b) DIFI-8b (no TFC) | |||||||
| Alpha & Bravo | 718,824 | −0.03 | 3.49 | 0.42 | 4.66 | −0.20 | 8.79 |
| Alpha | 366,363 | 0.01 | 3.55 | 0.39 | 4.71 | −0.22 | 8.90 |
| Bravo | 352,461 | −0.08 | 3.43 | 0.44 | 4.61 | −0.18 | 8.68 |
| Obs. Inversion | 846,978 | −0.15 | 4.53 | 0.28 | 6.34 | −0.07 | 5.85 |
| Obs. Validation | 1,095,895 | −0.53 | 4.79 | −0.48 | 7.41 | 0.03 | 6.56 |
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