Climatological models of non-polar geomagnetic daily variations using the DIFI methodology with Swarm and CHAMP satellite data | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Topical Issue - Swarm 10-Year Anniversary

Open Access

Issue		J. Space Weather Space Clim. Volume 15, 2025 Topical Issue - Swarm 10-Year Anniversary


Article Number		46
Number of page(s)		13
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2025041
Published online		24 October 2025

Supplementary material

Figure S1:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the DIFI-8 model on January 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 solar flux units (SFU).

Figure S2:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the DIFI-8 model on April 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S3:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the DIFI-8 model on July 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S4:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the DIFI-8 model on October 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S5:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the xDIFI-2 model on January 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S6:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the xDIFI-2 model on April 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S7:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the xDIFI-2 model on July 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S8:

Stream function representing the equivalent sheet current density associated with the primary magnetic field from the xDIFI-2 model on October 1 at UT = 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00. A current of 10 kA flows between adjacent contours. The dip equator is indicated by a thick black line. Each map is centered on the subsolar point at the corresponding UT. The F10.7 is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S9:

Evolution with Universal Time (UT) and season of the maximum absolute value of the DIFI-8 primary stream function in the Northern (N) and Southern (S) hemispheres. These maxima represent the total currents (in kA) flowing in the dayside vortex for each hemisphere. The F10.7 solar flux is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S10:

Evolution with Universal Time (UT) and season of the difference between the local time (LT) of the DIFI-8 current system focus (defined as the point where the stream function reaches its maximum absolute value) and local noon in each hemisphere. A positive value indicates that the current system trails the noon meridian, while a negative value indicates it leads. The F10.7 solar flux is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S11:

Evolution with Universal Time (UT) and season of the maximum absolute value of the xDIFI-2 primary stream function in the Northern (N) and Southern (S) hemispheres. These maxima represent the total currents (in kA) flowing in the dayside vortex for each hemisphere. The F10.7 solar flux is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

Figure S12:

Evolution with Universal Time (UT) and season of the difference between the local time (LT) of the xDIFI-2 current system focus (defined as the point where the stream function reaches its maximum absolute value) and local noon in each hemisphere. A positive value indicates that the current system trails the noon meridian, while a negative value indicates it leads. The F10.7 solar flux is arbitrarily fixed at 100 SFU.

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