Figure 9

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Time series of geomagnetic conditions observed during the October storm, displaying observations from 0000 UT 7th to 0000 UT 18th October 2024. (a) SuperMAG Auroral Indices SME (black), SMU (purple) and SML (green); (b) SuperMAG Ring Current index SMR; (c) Dst (black), NARX-predicted Dst (green, solid) and 95% confidence interval (green, dashed); (d) planetary K index Kp (bars coloured according to magnitude, see legend) and Hp30 (black line).

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