A new deep-learning approach to infer solar and geomagnetic parameters for the 1859 Carrington event | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Topical Issue - Space Climate: Solar Extremes, Long-Term Variability, and Impacts on Earth’s System

Open Access

Figure 5.

Solar and geomagnetic activities from empirical relationships: (a) flare peak flux vs. magnetic flux, (b) CME speed vs. magnetic flux, (c) ICME speed vs. CME speed, (d) Dst value vs. ICME speed. Red dotted lines show the linear fittings from the red diamonds corresponding to each group’s most extreme value. The estimates of the Carrington event are shown in blue triangles.

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