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Table 1.

VLF transmitters used in Nançay for the flare detection and their characteristics. The sixth column indicates the transmitter-receiver distance. The δf parameter is introduced in Section 2.

Call-sign Frequency (kHz) Latitude (°) Longitude (°) Country Distance (km) δ f (Hz)
GQD 22.1 +54.7 −2.9 UK 921 0
NAA 24.0 +44.6 −67.3 USA 5206 2.8572 × 10−5
NRK 37.5 +63.9 −22.5 Iceland 2372 1.4136 × 10−4
NSY 45.9 +37.1 +14.4 Italy 1519 2.0697 × 10−4

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