Table 2

CSAGI magnetic storm events with mid-latitude aurora.

Date Approximate auroral visibility ° MLAT Storm strength Reference Comment
17 and 22 Nov 1882 39 Great * Love (2018) Telegraph disruptions (see reference)
Dst_est = −386 nT*
31 Oct 1903 40 Great * Hayakawa et al. (2020b) Telegraph disruptions (see reference)
Dst_est = −531 nT*
16 April 1938 41 Severe Nicholson & Sternberg-Mulders (1939)
Dcx = −255 nT*
24 Mar 1940 41 Great Nicholson (1940) Power disruption (see reference)
Dcx = −366 nT** Araki (2014)
1 Mar 1941 35 Great Hayakawa et al. (2021b) Polar cap absorption
Dst_est ≤ −464 nT*
18 Sep 1941 Near 40 Great Love & Coïsson (2016) Radio and grid disruption, military impacts (see reference)
Albuquerque Journal (1941)
Dcx = −359 nT** McNish (1941)
28 Mar 1946 < 42 Great Hayakawa, et al. (2020c) Radio disruption to transatlantic aviation Odenwald (2007)
Dst_est ≤ −512 nT
21–22 Sep 1946 Strong Araki (2014) Remarkable SC
Dcx = −163 nT* GICs
*

Storm strength estimated from citations or published indices, Dcx = reconstructed Dst Index from University of Oulu.

**

Storm Strength also reported as Dst/Dcx values in Cliver & Svalgaard (2004).

Note some Dcx values may be derived from off scale-magnetograms and thus underestimate the actual magnitude.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.