Table 2
CSAGI magnetic storm events with mid-latitude aurora.
Date | Approximate auroral visibility ° MLAT | Storm strength | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
17 and 22 Nov 1882 | 39 | Great | * Love (2018) | Telegraph disruptions (see reference) |
Dst_est = −386 nT* | ||||
31 Oct 1903 | 40 | Great | * Hayakawa et al. (2020b) | Telegraph disruptions (see reference) |
Dst_est = −531 nT* | ||||
16 April 1938 | 41 | Severe | Nicholson & Sternberg-Mulders (1939) | |
Dcx = −255 nT* | ||||
24 Mar 1940 | 41 | Great | Nicholson (1940) | Power disruption (see reference) |
Dcx = −366 nT** | Araki (2014) | |||
1 Mar 1941 | 35 | Great | Hayakawa et al. (2021b) | Polar cap absorption |
Dst_est ≤ −464 nT* | ||||
18 Sep 1941 | Near 40 | Great | Love & Coïsson (2016) | Radio and grid disruption, military impacts (see reference) |
Albuquerque Journal (1941) | ||||
Dcx = −359 nT** | McNish (1941) | |||
28 Mar 1946 | < 42 | Great | Hayakawa, et al. (2020c) | Radio disruption to transatlantic aviation Odenwald (2007) |
Dst_est ≤ −512 nT | ||||
21–22 Sep 1946 | Strong | Araki (2014) | Remarkable SC | |
Dcx = −163 nT* | GICs |
Storm strength estimated from citations or published indices, Dcx = reconstructed Dst Index from University of Oulu.
Storm Strength also reported as Dst/Dcx values in Cliver & Svalgaard (2004).
Note some Dcx values may be derived from off scale-magnetograms and thus underestimate the actual magnitude.
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