An indicator of local auroral electrojet peak intensity and latitude inferred from scalar magnetometer measurements made by the Swarm satellites | Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

Topical Issue - Swarm 10-Year Anniversary

Open Access

Issue		J. Space Weather Space Clim. Volume 15, 2025 Topical Issue - Swarm 10-Year Anniversary


Article Number		15
Number of page(s)		21
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2025011
Published online		24 April 2025

Aakjær, CD, Olsen N, and Finlay CC. 2016. Determining polar ionospheric electrojet currents from Swarm satellite constellation magnetic data. Earth Planet Space 68 (1): 140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0509-y. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Amm O. 1995. Direct determination of the local ionospheric Hall conductance distribution from two-dimensional electric and magnetic field data: Application of the method using models of typical ionospheric electrodynamic situations. J Geophys Res 100 (A11): 21473–21488. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JA02213. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Amm, O. 1997. Ionospheric elementary current systems in spherical coordinates and their application. J Geomag Geoelectr 49 (7): 947–955. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.49.947. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Anderson, BJ, Takahashi K, Toth BA. 2000. Sensing global Birkeland currents with iridium^® engineering magnetometer data. Geophys Res Lett 27 (24): 4045–4048. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL000094. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Baker, DN. 1986. Statistical analyses in the study of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. In: Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, Y, Kamide, Slavin JA (Eds.), Terra Sci, Tokyo, pp. 17–38. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Baumjohann, W. 1982. Ionospheric and field-aligned current system in the auroral zone: A concise review. Adv Space Res 2 (10): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90363-5. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Clausen, LBN, Baker JBH, Ruohoniemi JM, Milan SE, Anderson BJ. 2012. Dynamics of the region 1 Birkeland current oval derived from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). J Geophys Res Space Phys 117, A6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017666. [Google Scholar]
Clausen, LB, Milan SE, Baker JB, Ruohoniemi JM, Glassmeier KH, Coxon JC, Anderson BJ. 2013. On the influence of open magnetic flux on substorm intensity: Ground- and space-based observations. J Geophys Res Space Phys 118 (6): 2958–2969. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50308. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Cowley, SWH, Lockwood M. 1992. Excitation and decay of solar wind-driven flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. Ann Geophys 10: 103–115. [Google Scholar]
Coxon, JC, Milan SE, Clausen LBN, Anderson BJ, Korth H. 2014. A superposed epoch analysis of the regions 1 and 2 Birkeland currents observed by AMPERE during substorms. J Geophys Res Space Phys 119 (12): 9834–9846. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020500. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Coxon, JC, Milan SE, Carter JA, Clausen LBN, Anderson BJ, Korth H. 2016. Seasonal and diurnal variations in AMPERE observations of the Birkeland currents compared to modeled results. J Geophys Res Space Phys 121 (5): 4027–4040. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022050. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Davis TN, Sugiura M. 1966. Auroral electrojet activity index AE and its universal time variations. J Geophys Res 71 (3): 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ071i003p00785. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Finlay, CC, Olsen N, Kotsiaros S, Gillet N, Tøffner-Clausen L. 2016. Recent geomagnetic secular variation from Swarm and ground observatories as estimated in the CHAOS-6 geomagnetic field model. Earth Planet Space 68: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0486-1. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Gjerloev, JW. 2012. The SuperMAG data processing technique. J Geophys Res Space Phys 117: A9. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017683. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Heppner, JP. 1972. Polar cap electric field distributions related to the interplanetary magnetic field direction. J Geophys Res 77 (25): 4877–4887. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA077i025p04877. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Iijima, T, Potemra TA. 1976. Field-aligned currents in the dayside cusp observed by Triad. J Geophys Res 81 (34): 5971–5979. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA081i034p05971. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Iijima, T, Potemra TA. 1978. Large-scale characteristics of field-aligned currents associated with substorms. J Geophys Res Space Phys 83 (A2): 599–615. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA02p00599. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Juusola, L, Kauristie K, Amm O, Ritter P. 2009. Statistical dependence of auroral ionospheric currents on solar wind and geomagnetic parameters from 5 years of CHAMP satellite data. Ann Geophys 27 (3): 1005–1017. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1005-2009. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Juusola, L, Kauristie K, Vanhamäki H, Aikio A, Van De Kamp M. 2016. Comparison of auroral ionospheric and field-aligned currents derived from Swarm and ground magnetic field measurements. J Geophys Res Space Phys 121 (9): 9256–9283. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022961. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Kauristie, K, Morschhauser A, Olsen N, Finlay CC, McPherron RL, Gjerloev JW, Opgenoorth HJ. 2017. On the usage of geomagnetic indices for data selection in internal field modelling. Space Sci Rev 206: 61–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0301-0. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Kervalishvili, G, Rauberg J, Kauristie K, Viljanen A, Juusola L. 2020. Swarm-AEBS description of the processing algorithm. https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/documents/20142/37627/Swarm-AEBS-processing-algorithm-description.pdf. [Google Scholar]
Korth, H, Zhang Y, Anderson BJ, Sotirelis T, Waters CL. 2014. Statistical relationship between large‐scale upward field‐aligned currents and electron precipitation. J Geophys Res Space Phys 119 (8): 6715–6731. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019961. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Laundal, KM, Richmond AD. 2017. Magnetic coordinate systems. Space Sci Rev 206 (1): 27–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0275-y. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Moretto, T, Olsen N, Ritter P, Lu G. 2002. Investigating the auroral electrojets with low altitude polar orbiting satellites. Ann Geophys 20 (7): 1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1049-2002. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Newell, PT, Gjerloev JW. 2011. Evaluation of SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices as indicators of substorms and auroral power. J Geophys Res Space Phys 116: A12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016779. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Olsen, N. 1996. A new tool for determining ionospheric currents from magnetic satellite data. Geophys Res Lett 23 (24): 3635–3638. https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02896. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Olsen, N, Stolle C. 2017. Magnetic signatures of ionospheric and magnetospheric current systems during geomagnetic quiet conditions – an overview. Space Sci Rev 206: 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0279-7. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Richmond, AD, Thayer JP. 2000. Ionospheric electrodynamics: A tutorial. Geophys Monogr Ser 118: 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM118p0131. [Google Scholar]
Ritter, P, Lühr H, Rauberg J. 2013. Determining field-aligned currents with the Swarm constellation mission. Earth Planet Space 65: 1285–1294. https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2013.09.006. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Ritter, P, Lühr H, Viljanen A, Amm O, Pulkkinen A, Sillanpää I. 2004. Ionospheric currents estimated simultaneously from CHAMP satelliteand IMAGE ground-based magnetic field measurements: a statistical study at auroral latitudes. Ann Geophys 22 (2): 417–430. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-417-2004. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Siscoe, GL, Huang TS. 1985. Polar cap inflation and deflation, J Geophys Res Space Phys 90 (A1): 543–547. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA090iA01p00543. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Smith, ARA, Beggan CD, Macmillan S, Whaler KA. 2017. Climatology of the auroral electrojets derived from the along-track gradient of magnetic field intensity measured by POGO, Magsat, CHAMP, and Swarm. Space Weather 15 (10): 1257–1269. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001675. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Vennerstrom, S, Moretto T. 2013. Monitoring auroral electrojets with satellite data. Space Weather 11 (9): 509–519. https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20090. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Workayehu, AB, Vanhamäki H, Aikio AT. 2019. Field-aligned and horizontal currents in the northern and southern hemispheres from the swarm satellite. J Geophys Res Space Phys 124 (8): 7231–7246. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026835. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Workayehu, AB, Vanhamäki H, Aikio AT. 2020. Seasonal effect on hemispheric asymmetry in ionospheric horizontal and field-aligned currents. J Geophys Res Space Phys, 125 (10): e2020JA028051. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028051. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Workayehu, AB, Vanhamäki H, Aikio AT, Shepherd SG. 2021. Effect of interplanetary magnetic field on hemispheric asymmetry in ionospheric horizontal and field-aligned currents during different seasons. J Geophys Res Space Phys 126 (10): e2021JA029475. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029475. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Xiong, C, Lühr H. 2014. An empirical model of the auroral oval derived from CHAMP field-aligned current signatures – Part 2. Ann Geophys Germany 32 (6): 623–631. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-623-2014. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Xiong, C, Lühr H, Wang H, Johnsen MG. 2014. Determining the boundaries of the auroral oval from CHAMP field-aligned current signatures – Part 1. Ann Geophys Germany 32 (6): 609–622. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-609-2014. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Xiong, C, Lühr H. 2023. Field-aligned scale length of depleted structures associated with post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles. J Space Weather Space Clim 13: 3. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2023002. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.