Latitudinal profiles of VTEC in the American sector (GLon = -100°) for the 4 and 5 November events compared to the quiet-time baseline on 3 November. All the curves are for 20:00 UT. During the 4 November event, VTEC was enhanced mainly at high latitudes, by up to 50-100%, and also formed an SED plume where VTEC was enhanced by ~70%. During the 5 November storm, a notable superfountain effect could be seen, with the EIA crests extending up to ~30-40° QDLat (see also Figure 5 in the main text), and the corresponding VTEC increases by up to 100%.